Python File Handling

Introduction:

In this tutorial, we are discussing Python file handling. Python supports the file-handling process. Till now, we were taking the input from the console and writing it back to the console to interact with the user. Users can easily handle the files, like read and write the files in Python. In another programming language, the file-handling process is lengthy and complicated. But we know Python is an easy programming language. So, like other things, file handling is also effortless and short in Python.

Sometimes, it is not enough to only display the data on the console. The data to be displayed may be very large, and only a limited amount of data can be displayed on the console since the memory is volatile, it is impossible to recover the programmatically generated data again and again.

The file handling plays an important role when the data needs to be stored permanently into the file. A file is a named location on disk to store related information. We can access the stored information (non-volatile) after the program termination.

In Python, files are treated in two modes as text or binary. The file may be in the text or binary format, and each line of a file is ended with the special character like a comma (,) or a newline character. Python executes the code line by line. So, it works in one line and then asks the interpreter to start the new line again. This is a continuous process in Python.

Hence, a file operation can be done in the following order.

Open a file
Read or write - Performing operation
Close the file

Opening a file

A file operation starts with the file opening. At first, open the File then Python will start the operation. File opening is done with the open() function in Python. This function will accepts two arguments, file name and access mode in which the file is accessed. When we use the open() function, that time we must be specified the mode for which the File is opening. The function returns a file object which can be used to perform various operations like reading, writing, etc.

Syntax:

The syntax for opening a file in Python is given below -

The files can be accessed using various modes like read, write, or append. The following are the details about the access mode to open a file.

SN	Access mode	Description
1	r	r means to read. So, it opens a file for read-only operation. The file pointer exists at the beginning. The file is by default open in this mode if no access mode is passed.
2	rb	It opens the file to read-only in binary format. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
3	r+	It opens the file to read and write both. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
4	rb+	It opens the file to read and write both in binary format. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
5	w	It opens the file to write only. It overwrites the file if previously exists or creates a new one if no file exists with the same name. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
6	wb	It opens the file to write only in binary format. It overwrites the file if it exists previously or creates a new one if no file exists. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
7	w+	It opens the file to write and read both. It is different from r+ in the sense that it overwrites the previous file if one exists whereas r+ doesn't overwrite the previously written file. It creates a new file if no file exists. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
8	wb+	It opens the file to write and read both in binary format. The file pointer exists at the beginning of the file.
9	a	It opens the file in the append mode. The file pointer exists at the end of the previously written file if exists any. It creates a new file if no file exists with the same name.
10	ab	It opens the file in the append mode in binary format. The pointer exists at the end of the previously written file. It creates a new file in binary format if no file exists with the same name.
11	a+	It opens a file to append and read both. The file pointer remains at the end of the file if a file exists. It creates a new file if no file exists with the same name.
12	ab+	It opens a file to append and read both in binary format. The file pointer remains at the end of the file.

Let's look at the simple example to open a file named "file.txt" (stored in the same directory) in read mode and printing its content on the console.

Program code for read mode:

It is a read operation in Python. We open an existing file with the given code and then read it. The code is given below -

#opens the file file.txt in read mode  
fileptr = open("file.txt","r")  
  
if fileptr:  
    print("file is opened successfully")  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

<class '_io.TextIOWrapper'>
file is opened successfully

In the above code, we have passed filename as a first argument and opened file in read mode as we mentioned r as the second argument. The fileptr holds the file object and if the file is opened successfully, it will execute the print statement

Program code for Write Mode:

It is a write operation in Python. We open an existing file using the given code and then write on it. The code is given below -

file = open('file.txt','w')
file.write("Here we write a command")
file.write("Hello users of JAVATPOINT")
file.close()

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

> Hi
ERROR!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'Hi' is not defined

The close() Method

The close method used to terminate the program. Once all the operations are done on the file, we must close it through our Python script using the close() method. Any unwritten information gets destroyed once the close() method is called on a file object.

We can perform any operation on the file externally using the file system which is the currently opened in Python; hence it is good practice to close the file once all the operations are done. Earlier use of the close() method can cause the of destroyed some information that you want to write in your File.

The syntax to use the close() method is given below.

Syntax

The syntax for closing a file in Python is given below -

Consider the following example.

Program code for Closing Method:

Here we write the program code for the closing method in Python. The code is given below -

# opens the file file.txt in read mode  
fileptr = open("file.txt","r")  
  
if fileptr:  
    print("The existing file is opened successfully in Python")  
  
#closes the opened file  
fileptr.close()

After closing the file, we cannot perform any operation in the file. The file needs to be properly closed. If any exception occurs while performing some operations in the file then the program terminates without closing the file.

We should use the following method to overcome such type of problem.

try:
   fileptr = open("file.txt")
   # perform file operations
finally:
   fileptr.close()

The with statement

The with statement was introduced in python 2.5. The with statement is useful in the case of manipulating the files. It is used in the scenario where a pair of statements is to be executed with a block of code in between.

Syntax:

The syntax of with statement of a file in Python is given below -

with open(<file name>, <access mode>) as <file-pointer>:  
    #statement suite   

The advantage of using with statement is that it provides the guarantee to close the file regardless of how the nested block exits.

It is always suggestible to use the with statement in the case of files because, if the break, return, or exception occurs in the nested block of code then it automatically closes the file, we don't need to write the close() function. It doesn't let the file to corrupt.

Program code 1 for with statement:

Here we write the program code for with statement in Python. The code is given below -

with open("file.txt",'r') as f:  
    content = f.read();  
    print(content)  

Program code 2 for with statement:

Here we write the program code for with statement in Python. The code is given below -

with open("file.txt", "H") as f:
   A = f.write("Hello Coders")
 Print(A)

Writing the file

To write some text to a file, we need to open the file using the open method and then we can use the write method for writing in this File. If we want to open a file that does not exist in our system, it creates a new one. On the other hand, if the File exists, then erase the past content and add new content to this File. the It is done by the following access modes.

w: It will overwrite the file if any file exists. The file pointer is at the beginning of the file.

a: It will append the existing file. The file pointer is at the end of the file. It creates a new file if no file exists.

Program code 1 for Write Method:

Here we write the program code for write method in Python. The code is given below -

# open the file.txt in append mode. Create a new file if no such file exists.
fileptr = open("file2.txt", "w")

# appending the content to the file
fileptr.write(''''''Python is the modern programming language. It is done any kind of program in shortest way.''')

# closing the opened the file
fileptr.close()

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

File2.txt
Python is the modern programming language. It is done any kind of program in shortest way.

We have opened the file in w mode. The file1.txt file doesn't exist, it created a new file and we have written the content in the file using the write() function

Program code 2 for Write Method:

Here we write the program code for write method in Python. The code is given below -

with open(test1.txt', 'w') as file2:
    file2.write('Hello coders')
    fil2.write('Welcome to javaTpoint')

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Hello coders
Welcome to javaTpoint

Program code 3 for Write Method:

Here we write the program code for write method in Python. The code is given below -

#open the file.txt in write mode.  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","a")
  
#overwriting the content of the file  
fileptr.write(" Python has an easy syntax and user-friendly interaction.")  
    
#closing the opened file   
fileptr.close()

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Python is the modern day language. It makes things so simple.
It is the fastest growing language Python has an easy syntax and user-friendly interaction.

Snapshot of the file2.txt

We can see that the content of the file is modified. We have opened the file in a mode and it appended the content in the existing file2.txt.

To read a file using the Python script, the Python provides the read() method. The read() method reads a string from the file. It can read the data in the text as well as a binary format.

Syntax:

The syntax of read() method of a file in Python is given below -

Here, the count is the number of bytes to be read from the file starting from the beginning of the file. If the count is not specified, then it may read the content of the file until the end.

Program code for read() Method:

Here we write the program code for read() method in Python. The code is given below -

#open the file.txt in read mode. causes error if no such file exists.  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","r")
#stores all the data of the file into the variable content  
content = fileptr.read(10) 
# prints the type of the data stored in the file  
print(type(content))    
#prints the content of the file  
print(content)     
#closes the opened file  
fileptr.close()  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

<class 'str'>
Python is

In the above code, we have read the content of file2.txt by using the read() function. We have passed count value as ten which means it will read the first ten characters from the file.

If we use the following line, then it will print all content of the file. So, it only prints 'Python is'. For read the whole file contents, the code is given below -

content = fileptr.read()
print(content) 

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Python is the modern-day language. It makes things so simple.
It is the fastest-growing programming language Python has easy an syntax and user-friendly interaction.

Read file through for loop

We can use read() method when we open the file. Read method is also done through the for loop. We can read the file using for loop. Consider the following example.

Program code 1 for Read File using For Loop:

Here we give an example of read file using for loop. The code is given below -

#open the file.txt in read mode. causes an error if no such file exists.  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","r");   
#running a for loop   
for i in fileptr:  
    print(i) # i contains each line of the file   

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Python is the modern day language.

It makes things so simple.

Python has easy syntax and user-friendly interaction.

Program code 2 for Read File using For Loop:

Here we give an example of read file using for loop. The code is given below -

A = ["Hello\n", "Coders\n", "JavaTpoint\n"]
f1 = open('myfile.txt', 'w')
f1.writelines(A)
f1.close()
f1 = open('myfile.txt', 'r')
Lines = f1.read()
count = 0
for line in Lines:
    count += 1
    print("Line{}: {}".format(count, line.strip()))

Output:

Line1: H
Line2: e
Line3: l
Line4: l
Line5: o
Line6: 
Line7: C
Line8: o
Line9: d
Line10: e
Line11: r
Line12: s
Line13: 
Line14: J
Line15: a
Line16: v
Line17: a
Line18: T
Line19: p
Line20: o
Line21: i
Line22: n
Line23: t
Line24:

Read Lines of the file

Python facilitates to read the file line by line by using a function readline() method. The readline() method reads the lines of the file from the beginning, i.e., if we use the readline() method two times, then we can get the first two lines of the file.

Consider the following example which contains a function readline() that reads the first line of our file "file2.txt" containing three lines. Consider the following example.

Here we give the example of reading the lines using the readline() function in Python. The code is given below -

#open the file.txt in read mode. causes error if no such file exists.  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","r");   
#stores all the data of the file into the variable content  
content = fileptr.readline()   
content1 = fileptr.readline()
#prints the content of the file  
print(content)   
print(content1)
#closes the opened file  
fileptr.close()  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Python is the modern day language.

It makes things so simple.

We called the readline() function two times that's why it read two lines from the file.That means, if you called readline() function n times in your program, then it read n number of lines from the file. This is the uses of readline() function in Python. Python provides also the readlines() method which is used for the reading lines. It returns the list of the lines till the end of file(EOF) is reached.

Example 2:

Here we give the example of reading the lines using the readline() function in Python. The code is given below -

#open the file.txt in read mode. causes error if no such file exists.  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","r");   
  
#stores all the data of the file into the variable content  
content = fileptr.readlines()   

#prints the content of the file  
print(content)   
  
#closes the opened file  
fileptr.close()  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

['Python is the modern day language.\n', 'It makes things so simple.\n', 'Python has easy syntax and user-friendly interaction.']

Example 3:

Here we give the example of reading the lines using the readline() function in Python. The code is given below -

A = ["Hello\n", "Coders\n", "JavaTpoint\n"]
f1 = open('myfile.txt', 'w')
f1.writelines(A)
f1.close()
f1 = open('myfile.txt', 'r')
Lines = f1.readlines()
count = 0
for line in Lines:
    count += 1
    print("Line{}: {}".format(count, line.strip()))

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Line1: Hello
Line2: Coders
Line3: JavaTpoint

Creating a new file

The new file can be created by using one of the following access modes with the function open().The open() function used so many parameters. The syntax of it is given below -

file = open(path_to_file, mode)

x, a and w is the modes of open() function. The uses of these modes are given below -

x: it creates a new file with the specified name. It causes an error a file exists with the same name.

a: It creates a new file with the specified name if no such file exists. It appends the content to the file if the file already exists with the specified name.

w: It creates a new file with the specified name if no such file exists. It overwrites the existing file.

Consider the following example.

Program code1 for Creating a new file:

Here we give an example for creating a new file in Python. For creates a file, we have to used the open() method. The code is given below -

#open the file.txt in read mode. causes error if no such file exists.  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","x") 
print(fileptr)  
if fileptr:  
    print("File created successfully")

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='file2.txt' mode='x' encoding='cp1252'>
File created successfully

Program code2 for creating a new file:

Here we give an example for creating a new file in Python. For creates a file, we have to use the open() method. Here we use try block for erase the errors. The code is given below -

try:
    with open('file1.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write('Here we create a new file')
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("The file is does not exist")

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

The file is does not exist

File Pointer positions

Python provides the tell() method which is used to print the byte number at which the file pointer currently exists. The tell() methods is return the position of read or write pointer in this file. The syntax of tell() method is given below -

Program code1 for File Pointer Position:

Here we give an example for how to find file pointer position in Python. Here we use tell() method and it is return byte number. The code is given below -

# open the file file2.txt in read mode  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","r")  

#initially the filepointer is at 0   
print("The filepointer is at byte :",fileptr.tell())  
  
#reading the content of the file  
content = fileptr.read();  
  
#after the read operation file pointer modifies. tell() returns the location of the fileptr.   
  
print("After reading, the filepointer is at:",fileptr.tell())  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

The filepointer is at byte : 0
After reading, the filepointer is at: 117

Program code2 for File Pointer Position:

Here we give another example for how to find file pointer position in Python. Here we also use tell() method, which is return byte number. The code is given below -

file = open("File2.txt", "r")
print("The pointer position is: ", file.tell())

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

  The pointer position is: 0

Modifying file pointer position

In real-world applications, sometimes we need to change the file pointer location externally since we may need to read or write the content at various locations.

For this purpose, the Python provides us the seek() method which enables us to modify the file pointer position externally. That means, using seek() method we can easily change the cursor in the file, from where we want to read or write a file.

Syntax:

The syntax for seek() method is given below -

The seek() method accepts two parameters:

offset: It refers to the new position of the file pointer within the file.

from: It indicates the reference position from where the bytes are to be moved. If it is set to 0, the beginning of the file is used as the reference position. If it is set to 1, the current position of the file pointer is used as the reference position. If it is set to 2, the end of the file pointer is used as the reference position.

Consider the following example.

Here we give the example of how to modifying the pointer position using seek() method in Python. The code is given below -

# open the file file2.txt in read mode  
fileptr = open("file2.txt","r")  
  
#initially the filepointer is at 0   
print("The filepointer is at byte :",fileptr.tell())  
  
#changing the file pointer location to 10.  
fileptr.seek(10);  
  
#tell() returns the location of the fileptr.   
print("After reading, the filepointer is at:",fileptr.tell())  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

The filepointer is at byte : 0
After reading, the filepointer is at: 10

Python OS module:

Renaming the file

The Python os module enables interaction with the operating system. It comes from the Python standard utility module. The os module provides a portable way to use the operating system-dependent functionality in Python. The os module provides the functions that are involved in file processing operations like renaming, deleting, etc. It provides us the rename() method to rename the specified file to a new name. Using the rename() method, we can easily rename the existing File. This method has not any return value. The syntax to use the rename() method is given below.

Syntax:

The syntax of rename method in Python is given below -

The first argument is the current file name and the second argument is the modified name. We can change the file name bypassing these two arguments.

Program code 1 for rename() Method:

Here we give an example of the renaming of the files using rename() method in Python. The current file name is file2.txt, and the new file name is file3.txt. The code is given below -

import os  
  
#rename file2.txt to file3.txt  
os.rename("file2.txt","file3.txt")

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

The above code renamed current file2.txt to file3.txt

Program code 2 for rename() Method:

Here we give an example of the renaming of the files using rename() method in Python. The current file name is the source, and the new file name is the destination. The code is given below -

import os
def main():
    i = 0
    path="D:/JavaTpoint/"
    for filename in os.listdir(path):
        destination = "new" + str(i) + ".png"
        source = path + filename
        destination = path + destination
        os.rename(source, destination)
        i += 1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Removing the file

The os module provides the remove() method which is used to remove the specified file.

Syntax:

The syntax of remove method is given below -

Program code 1 for remove() method:

import os;  
#deleting the file named file3.txt   
os.remove("file3.txt")  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

    The file named file3.txt is deleted.

Program code 2 for remove() Method:

Here we give an example of removing a file using the remove() method in Python. The file name is file3.txt, which the remove() method deletes. Print the command "This file is not existed" if the File does not exist. The code is given below -

import os
if os.path.exists("file3.txt "):
  os.remove("file3.txt ")
else:
  print("This file is not existed")

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

    This file is not existed

Creating the new directory

The mkdir() method is used to create the directories in the current working directory.It creates dictionary in numeric mode. If the file already presents in the system, then it occurs error, which is known as FileExistsError in Python. The mkdir() method does not return any kind of value. The syntax to create the new directory is given below.

Syntax:

The syntax of mkdir() method in Python is given below -

Output:

Parameter:

The syntax of mkdir() method in Python is given below -

path - A path like object represent a path either bytes or the strings object.

mode - Mode is represented by integer value, which means mode is created. If mode is not created then the default value will be 0o777. Its use is optional in mkdir() method.

dir_fd - When the specified path is absolute, in that case dir_fd is ignored. Its use is optional in mkdir() method.

Program code 1 for mkdir() Method:

Here we give the example of mkdir() method by which we can create new dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os  
  
#creating a new directory with the name new  
os.mkdir("new")  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Create a new dictionary which is named new

Program code 2 for mkdir() Method:

Here we give the example of mkdir() method by which we can create new dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os
path = '/D:/JavaTpoint' 
try:
    os.mkdir(path)
except OSError as error:
    print(error)  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

 [Error 20] File exists: '/D:/JavaTpoint'

The getcwd() method:

This method returns the current working directory which have absolute value. The getcwd() method returns the string value which represents the working dictionary in Python. In getcwd() method, do not require any parameter.

The syntax to use the getcwd() method is given below.

Syntax

The syntax of getcwd() method in Python is given below -

Program code 1 for getcwd() Method:

Here we give the example of getcwd() method by which we can create new dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os
os.getcwd()

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

'C:\\Users\\DEVANSH SHARMA'

Program code 2 for getcwd() Method:

Here we give the example of getcwd() method by which we can create new dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os 
c = os.getcwd() 
print("The working directory is:", c)

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

The working directory is: C:\\Users\\JavaTpoint

Changing the current working directory

The chdir() method is used to change the current working directory to a specified directory.The chdir() method takes a single argument for the new dictionary path. The chdir() method does not return any kind of value.

Syntax

The syntax of chdir() method is given below -

Program code 1 for chdir() Method:

Here we give the example of chdir() method by which we can change the current working dictionary into new dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os 
# Changing current directory with the new directiory
os.chdir("C:\\Users\\DEVANSH SHARMA\\Documents")
#It will display the current working directory
os.getcwd()

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

'C:\\Users\\DEVANSH SHARMA\\Documents'

Program code 2 for chdir() Method:

Here we give another example of chdir() method by which we can change the current working dictionary into new dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os
os.chdir(r"C:\Users\JavaTpoint")
print("Currently working directory is changed")

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

Currently working directory is changed

Deleting directory:

The rmdir() method is used to delete the specified directory. If the directory is not empty then there is occurs OSError. The rmdir() method does not have and kind of return value.

Syntax

Program code 1 for rmdir() Method:

Here we give the example of rmdir() method by which we can delete a dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os
#removing the new directory   
os.rmdir("directory_name")  

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

It will remove the specified directory.

Program code 2 for rmdir() Method:

Here we give another example of rmdir() method by which we can delete a dictionary in Python. The code is given below -

import os
directory = "JavaTpoint"
parent = "/D:/User/Documents"
path = os.path.join(parent, directory)
os.rmdir(path)
print("The directory '%s' is successfully removed", %directory)

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

The directory 'JavaTpoint' is successfully removed

Output:

Here we give the example of rmdir() method by which we can delete a dictionary in Python. Here we use try block for handle the error. The code is given below -

import os
dir = "JavaTpoint"
parent = "/D:/User/Documents"
path = os.path.join(parent, dir)
try:
    os.rmdir(path)
    print("The directory '%s' is successfully removed", %dir)
except OSError as error:
    print(error)
    print("The directory '%s' cannot be removed successfully", %dir)

Output:

Now we compile the above code in Python, and after successful compilation, we run it. Then the output is given below -

[Error 30] Permission denied: '/D:/User/Documents/JavaTpoint'
The directory 'JavaTpoint' cannot be removed successfully

Writing Python output to the files:

In Python, there are the requirements to write the output of a Python script to a file.

The check_call() method of module subprocess is used to execute a Python script and write the output of that script to a file.

The following example contains two python scripts. The script file1.py executes the script file.py and writes its output to the text file output.txt.

Program code:

file1.py

temperatures=[10,-20,-289,100]  
def c_to_f(c):  
    if c< -273.15:  
        return "That temperature doesn't make sense!"  
    else:  
        f=c*9/5+32  
        return f  
for t in temperatures:  
    print(c_to_f(t))  

file.py

import subprocess  
  
with open("output.txt", "wb") as f:  
    subprocess.check_call(["python", "file.py"], stdout=f)  

File Related Methods:

The file object provides the following methods to manipulate the files on various operating systems. Here we discuss the method and their uses in Python.

SN	Method	Description
1	file.close()	It closes the opened file. The file once closed, it can't be read or write anymore.
2	File.fush()	It flushes the internal buffer.
3	File.fileno()	It returns the file descriptor used by the underlying implementation to request I/O from the OS.
4	File.isatty()	It returns true if the file is connected to a TTY device, otherwise returns false.
5	File.next()	It returns the next line from the file.
6	File.read([size])	It reads the file for the specified size.
7	File.readline([size])	It reads one line from the file and places the file pointer to the beginning of the new line.
8	File.readlines([sizehint])	It returns a list containing all the lines of the file. It reads the file until the EOF occurs using readline() function.
9	File.seek(offset[,from)	It modifies the position of the file pointer to a specified offset with the specified reference.
10	File.tell()	It returns the current position of the file pointer within the file.
11	File.truncate([size])	It truncates the file to the optional specified size.
12	File.write(str)	It writes the specified string to a file
13	File.writelines(seq)	It writes a sequence of the strings to a file.

Conclusion:

In this tutorial, we briefly discussed the Python file handling. Users can easily handle the files, like read and write the files in Python. Here we discuss various methods in Python by which we can easily read, write, delete, or rename a file. We also give the program code of these methods for better understanding.

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